Flag Description
a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles
triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder
of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars
and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle;
the triangle approximates the shape of the country and its three
points stand for the constituent peoples - Bosniaks, Croats, and
Serbs; the stars represent Europe and are meant to be continuous
(thus the half stars at top and bottom); the colors (white, blue,
and yellow) are often associated with neutrality and peace, and
traditionally are linked with Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October
1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former
Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic
Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and
Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning
the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to
form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and
Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two
by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio,
the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to
a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement
was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords
retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and
created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with
conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized
was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly
equal in size: the Bosniak/Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS).
The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing
most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established
the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation
of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation
Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the
High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove
officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96,
a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops
served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects
of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization
Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European
Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004;
their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the
country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing
in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to
less than 2,500 troops. Currently EUFOR deploys around 1,300 troops
in theater. Source
Independence
/ Republic Days Independence Day (from SFR Yugoslavia) March
1, 1992
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