Mali
The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in
1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a
few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed
Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military
coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha
KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in
1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit,
he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was
elected to a second term in 2007 elections that were widely judged
to be free and fair. A military coup overthrew the government in
March 2012, claiming that the government had not adequately supported
the Malian army's fight against an advancing Tuareg-led rebellion
in the north. Heavy international pressure is forcing coup leaders
to accelerate the transition back to democratic rule.
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