United
States of America
Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776
and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America
following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th
centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation
expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number
of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the
nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern
Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern
slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic
downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its
jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of
the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation
state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively
steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances
in technology.
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